1,399 research outputs found
Path-Fault-Tolerant Approximate Shortest-Path Trees
Let be an -nodes non-negatively real-weighted undirected graph.
In this paper we show how to enrich a {\em single-source shortest-path tree}
(SPT) of with a \emph{sparse} set of \emph{auxiliary} edges selected from
, in order to create a structure which tolerates effectively a \emph{path
failure} in the SPT. This consists of a simultaneous fault of a set of at
most adjacent edges along a shortest path emanating from the source, and it
is recognized as one of the most frequent disruption in an SPT. We show that,
for any integer parameter , it is possible to provide a very sparse
(i.e., of size ) auxiliary structure that carefully
approximates (i.e., within a stretch factor of ) the true
shortest paths from the source during the lifetime of the failure. Moreover, we
show that our construction can be further refined to get a stretch factor of
and a size of for the special case , and that it can be
converted into a very efficient \emph{approximate-distance sensitivity oracle},
that allows to quickly (even in optimal time, if ) reconstruct the
shortest paths (w.r.t. our structure) from the source after a path failure,
thus permitting to perform promptly the needed rerouting operations. Our
structure compares favorably with previous known solutions, as we discuss in
the paper, and moreover it is also very effective in practice, as we assess
through a large set of experiments.Comment: 21 pages, 3 figures, SIROCCO 201
The Isospectral Dirac Operator on the 4-dimensional Orthogonal Quantum Sphere
Equivariance under the action of Uq(so(5)) is used to compute the left
regular and (chiral) spinorial representations of the algebra of the orthogonal
quantum 4-sphere S^4_q. These representations are the constituents of a
spectral triple on this sphere with a Dirac operator which is isospectral to
the canonical one on the round undeformed four-sphere and which gives metric
dimension four for the noncommutative geometry. Non-triviality of the geometry
is proved by pairing the associated Fredholm module with an `instanton'
projection. We also introduce a real structure which satisfies all required
properties modulo smoothing operators.Comment: 40 pages, no figures, Latex. v2: Title changed. Sect. 9 on real
structure completely rewritten and results strengthened. Additional minor
changes throughout the pape
Fully-dynamic Approximation of Betweenness Centrality
Betweenness is a well-known centrality measure that ranks the nodes of a
network according to their participation in shortest paths. Since an exact
computation is prohibitive in large networks, several approximation algorithms
have been proposed. Besides that, recent years have seen the publication of
dynamic algorithms for efficient recomputation of betweenness in evolving
networks. In previous work we proposed the first semi-dynamic algorithms that
recompute an approximation of betweenness in connected graphs after batches of
edge insertions.
In this paper we propose the first fully-dynamic approximation algorithms
(for weighted and unweighted undirected graphs that need not to be connected)
with a provable guarantee on the maximum approximation error. The transfer to
fully-dynamic and disconnected graphs implies additional algorithmic problems
that could be of independent interest. In particular, we propose a new upper
bound on the vertex diameter for weighted undirected graphs. For both weighted
and unweighted graphs, we also propose the first fully-dynamic algorithms that
keep track of such upper bound. In addition, we extend our former algorithm for
semi-dynamic BFS to batches of both edge insertions and deletions.
Using approximation, our algorithms are the first to make in-memory
computation of betweenness in fully-dynamic networks with millions of edges
feasible. Our experiments show that they can achieve substantial speedups
compared to recomputation, up to several orders of magnitude
Open and / or laparoscopic surgical treatment of liver hydatic cysts
Hydatid disease is a severe parasitic disease with a widely ranging distribution. In the human being the liver is the most frequent organ affected. 1 The treatment should be individualized to the morphology, size, number and location of the cysts, that is why a variety of surgical operations have been advocated from complete resection like total pericystectomy or partial hepatectomy to laparoscopy to a minimally invasive procedures like percutaneous aspiration of cysts to conservative drug therapy. 3-4 This study compares laparoscopic versus open management of the hydatid cyst of liver the surgical approach to liver echinococcosis is still a controversial issue and shows our results of surgical treatment of liver hydatid cysts during a 3-years period
Quantum Isometries of the finite noncommutative geometry of the Standard Model
We compute the quantum isometry group of the finite noncommutative geometry F
describing the internal degrees of freedom in the Standard Model of particle
physics. We show that this provides genuine quantum symmetries of the spectral
triple corresponding to M x F where M is a compact spin manifold. We also prove
that the bosonic and fermionic part of the spectral action are preserved by
these symmetries.Comment: 29 pages, no figures v3: minor change
Quantized algebras of functions on homogeneous spaces with Poisson stabilizers
Let G be a simply connected semisimple compact Lie group with standard
Poisson structure, K a closed Poisson-Lie subgroup, 0<q<1. We study a
quantization C(G_q/K_q) of the algebra of continuous functions on G/K. Using
results of Soibelman and Dijkhuizen-Stokman we classify the irreducible
representations of C(G_q/K_q) and obtain a composition series for C(G_q/K_q).
We describe closures of the symplectic leaves of G/K refining the well-known
description in the case of flag manifolds in terms of the Bruhat order. We then
show that the same rules describe the topology on the spectrum of C(G_q/K_q).
Next we show that the family of C*-algebras C(G_q/K_q), 0<q\le1, has a
canonical structure of a continuous field of C*-algebras and provides a strict
deformation quantization of the Poisson algebra \C[G/K]. Finally, extending a
result of Nagy, we show that C(G_q/K_q) is canonically KK-equivalent to C(G/K).Comment: 23 pages; minor changes, typos correcte
A Hypothetical New Challenging Use for Indocyanine Green Fluorescence during Laparoscopic Appendectomy: A Mini-Series of Our Experience and Literary Review
Laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) is a well-standardized surgical procedure, but there are still controversies about the different devices to be used for the appendiceal stump closure and
the related postoperative complications. Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography (FA)
has already been shown to be helpful in elective and emergency surgery, providing intraoperative
information on tissue and organ perfusion, thus guiding the surgical decisions and the technical
strategies. According to these two aspects, we report a mini-series of the first five patients affected
by gangrenous and flegmonous acute appendicitis intraoperatively evaluated with ICG-FA during
LA. The patients were admitted to the Emergency Department with an usual range of symptoms
for acute appendicitis. The patients were successfully managed by fully LA with the help of a new
hypothetical challenging use of ICG-FA
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Teaching mathematics for search using a tutorial style of delivery
Understanding of mathematics is needed to underpin the process of search, either explicitly with Exact Match (Boolean logic, adjacency) or implicitly with Best match natural language search. In this paper we outline some pedagogical challenges in teaching mathematics for information retrieval (IR) to postgraduate information science students. The aim is to take these challenges either found by experience or in the literature, to identify both theoretical and practical ideas in order to improve the delivery of the material and positively affect the learning of the target audience by using a tutorial style of teaching. Results show that there is evidence to support the notion that a more pro-active style of teaching using tutorials yield benefits both in terms of assessment results and student satisfaction
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